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The Dunning-Kruger Effect Shows Incompetent People Cannot Recognize Their Incompetence
People with low ability in a domain tend to dramatically overestimate their competence, while experts tend to underestimate theirs. The very skills needed to produce correct judgments are the same skills needed to recognize what correct judgments look like.
Why It’s Fascinating
It creates a paradox where the least qualified people are often the most confident, and the most qualified are plagued by doubt. This explains everything from bad drivers who think they are great to novice investors who are certain they will beat the market.
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Your Brain Uses the Same Circuits for Physical and Social Pain
Neuroimaging studies show that social rejection activates the anterior cingulate cortex and insula — the same brain regions that process physical pain. This is why heartbreak and exclusion literally hurt.
Your Brain Makes Decisions Up to 10 Seconds Before You Are Aware of Them
Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes used fMRI scans to show that brain activity predicting a decision can be detected up to 10 seconds before a person consciously feels they have decided. The unconscious brain appears to choose first, and consciousness follows.
Being Watched Makes You Better at Simple Tasks and Worse at Hard Ones
Social facilitation theory, demonstrated in hundreds of studies since the 1890s, shows that an audience improves performance on well-practiced tasks but impairs performance on complex or unfamiliar ones. The mere presence of others changes your brain chemistry.
You Are More Creative When You Are Tired
Research published in Thinking and Reasoning found that people solve insight-based creative problems better during their non-optimal times of day. Morning people are more creative at night, and night owls are more creative in the morning.
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