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Engineered Enzyme Rapidly Breaks Down PET Plastic Bottles in Hours

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Discovery

Curated by Surfaced Editorial·Science·2 min read
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Scientists at the University of Texas at Austin have engineered a novel enzyme, dubbed FAST-PETase, capable of rapidly degrading polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. This modified enzyme can break down PET plastics into their monomer building blocks within hours to days, even at low temperatures, a significant improvement over naturally occurring enzymes. The research team utilized machine learning to predict beneficial mutations, creating a super-enzyme that functions effectively at 50°C. The astonishing implication is that PET plastic, which normally takes centuries to degrade, can now be biologically recycled in a fraction of the time, allowing for a truly circular plastic economy. This landmark study was published in *Nature* in 2022.

Why It’s Fascinating

Experts are particularly excited by the speed and efficiency of FAST-PETase, as previous enzyme-based methods were too slow or required higher temperatures to be industrially viable. This breakthrough overturns the perception that enzymatic degradation of robust synthetic polymers like PET is inherently too slow for practical application. Within 5-10 years, this engineered enzyme could be deployed in large-scale bioreactors at recycling facilities, revolutionizing the processing of PET plastic waste from landfills and oceans into new, virgin-quality plastic products. Think of this enzyme as a biological 'Pac-Man' for plastic, munching away at waste rapidly and efficiently. Recycling companies, plastic manufacturers, and environmental conservationists grappling with plastic pollution will benefit immensely. What if all plastic could be infinitely recycled back into its original form, eliminating waste entirely? This offers a far more sustainable and less energy-intensive alternative to mechanical recycling or incineration.

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